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Africa Renewal Online
Female police officers from Rwanda arrive in Darfur, Sudan, to join the African Union-UN peace mission. Since the adoption of Security Council Resolution 1325 on women, peace and security,[url=http://parajumperssalenorge.albirank.net/][b]Parajumpers Jakke Outlet Salg[/b][/url], UN peace operations are recruiting more female peacekeepers and devoting greater attention to combating sexual violence.
Photograph: UN Photo / Albert Gonzalez Farran
In October 2010 more than 600 Congolese women and girls were reportedly raped across the border between the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and Angola during a mass expulsion of illegal immigrants from Angola. Based on UN officials, one woman died from internal injuries sustained throughout the violence.
That month also marked the 10th anniversary from the landmark UN Security Council Resolution 1325 on women, peace and security. It reaffirmed the important role of women incompatible prevention, resolution and peacebuilding and sought to protect women and girls from violence, particularly sexual violence incompatible and post-conflict situations.
A decade later, ladies and girls continue to be victimized amidst armed conflicts. According to UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon,[url=http://duveticaukoutlet.halod.com/][b]Duvetica UK[/b][/url], sexual violence remains an all-too-common tactic of war and often continues well after the guns fall silent. In the last year in the DRC alone, more than 8,[url=http://parajumperssalenorge.albirank.net/][b]Parajumpers Long Bear[/b][/url],000 women were raped during fighting between warring factions, reports the UN Population Fund. "What worries us," said Maurizio Giuliano, a spokesman for the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, "is that rape seems to be becoming endemic in several areas of Congo…. We fear it's becoming area of the routine."
Such attacks on women are "unfortunately a very effective, cheap and silent weapon having a long-lasting impact on society," says Margot Wallström, the UN's special representative on sexual violence incompatible. "It is really a method of demonstrating power and control. It inflicts fear on the whole community. It's also sends a message towards the men: 'You are not able to defend your women'."
Breaking new ground
For many years,[url=http://woolrichparkaschweiz.albirank.net/][b]woolrich winter coats[/b][/url], civil society and women's organizations fought tough to demand the international community's action from the egregious and inhumane management of women and girls during armed conflicts. The 1995 World Conference on Women in Beijing emphasized that women's full participation in decision-making is crucial to preventing and resolving conflict and looking after peace and security.
Then on 31 October 2000, the Security Council's Resolution 1325 established a framework to guide UN actions and policies on women,[url=http://woolrichoutletde.albirank.net/][b]Woolrich Damen Parka[/b][/url], peace and security. Although the resolution succeeded in drawing greater attention to the issue among UN agencies, member states and civil society groups, significant achievements are hard to pinpoint, the Secretary-General finds in a recent report to the Security Council.
Concrete steps
Numerous African countries,[url=http://rogervivierheelssale.webstarts.com/][b]roger vivier heels online[/b][/url], however, took concrete steps. In December 2008 Uganda launched a national plan of action for Resolution 1325 and is pursuing deliberate affirmative action initiatives, including requiring each district to possess at least one female representative in parliament and every local council executive to fill at least a third of the positions with females.
Kenya reserves 47 seats for ladies in the National Assembly and 16 in its Senate, in addition to those who may be elected from various constituencies. The government has also sought to improve the number of women participating in peacekeeping missions.
Namibia's Ministry of Gender Equality and Child Welfare organizes workshops to sensitize employees of the Ministries of Defence as well as Security and safety for their legal obligations under Resolution 1325, particularly in regions of peacebuilding, conflict resolution, sexual violence,[url=http://discountnikesoccershoes.webmium.com/][b]Nike Soccer Shoes[/b][/url], rape and the rights of children.
A National Plan of action in Burundi promotes policies for women's equality and it has increased the amount of women in government. In neighbouring Rwanda an identical plan was drafted in May 2010 to implement a constitutional provision that a minimum of 30 percent of higher positions be invested in women. Earlier, women's participation within the country's legislature reached 56 per cent,[url=http://monclerjackenonlinech.albirank.net/][b]Moncler Weste Billig[/b][/url], the greatest rate in the world.
Peacekeeping missions
3 years after Resolution 1325 was adopted, the UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO) developed gender awareness training materials for military and civilian police personnel in advance of their deployment. This was then ongoing programmes to focus on gender issues through the span of peacekeeping operations. The UN has also reached out to member states to increase the participation of ladies peacekeepers, including in a senior level.
Since women and girls remain vulnerable to sexual and gender-based violence in Africa, DPKO has also supported African governments in enacting laws to protect women's rights. These have included laws on sexual violence within the DRC, rape in Liberia and inheritance rights in Sierra Leone.
Several UN peacekeeping missions in Africa have encouraged the advance of special national police units to cope with sexual and gender-based violence,[url=http://woolrichparkaschweiz.albirank.net/][b]cheap woolrich winter coats[/b][/url], including in Liberia and Sierra Leone. In Sudan's Darfur region and in the DRC, UN forces have raised patrols to prevent sexual violence.
Nevertheless, the UN continues to be facing difficulties in implementing Resolution 1325. The Secretary-General notes that despite intensified action over the years, "those activities lack a definite direction or time-bound goals and targets that could accelerate implementation and ensure accountability."
Based on the UN Development Programme (UNDP), opportunities are lost because of insufficient funding of programmes for gender equality. UNDP Administrator Helen Clark stressed throughout the launch of the five-day Peace Fair on Women, Peace and Security in October that implementation requires not just concrete and time-bound programmes, but additionally resources. Governments and also the UN, she said,[url=http://duveticadoudoune.halod.com/][b]Femmes Manteaux Duvetica[/b][/url], must "practice what they preach."
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